GONARTHROSIS

(KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS)

Gonarthrosis is a degenerative knee disease that develops as a result of cartilage breakdown and the formation of bone spurs. The knee is one of the most loaded joints in the body and is particularly susceptible to degenerative changes.

Causes and risk factors

Factors that increase the risk of developing gonarthrosis:

• Genetic predisposition — family history of the disease
• Congenital knee deformities — varus or valgus alignment
• Obesity — BMI above 27 significantly loads the knee joint
• Meniscus and ligament injuries — previous traumatic events
• Degenerative changes in the lumbar spine — indirect effect on knee biomechanics

Symptoms of gonarthrosis

Characteristic symptoms include:

• Pain in the inner part of the knee
• Possible joint swelling
• Baker’s cyst (fluid accumulation behind the knee)
• Difficulty moving, especially when walking on stairs or inclines
• Morning stiffness that decreases with movement
• Creaking or grinding in the joint

Treatment of gonarthrosis

Conservative treatment includes:

• Physical therapy — laser, ultrasound, electrotherapy
• Dry needling — pain reduction and function improvement
• Manual therapy — joint and surrounding tissue mobilization
• Kinesiotherapy — exercises to strengthen muscles around the knee
• Activity modification — adapting daily activities

In advanced cases, surgical intervention may be necessary (arthroscopy or knee replacement).

Advice

Early intervention and consistent physical therapy can significantly slow the progression of gonarthrosis and improve quality of life. Don’t wait until the pain becomes unbearable — schedule an examination at the first signs of discomfort.